What makes space so cold?

Space is cold because it is primarily a vacuum, which means that very few particles are present to transfer heat. Without any atmosphere or matter to absorb and retain heat, the energy from the Sun or other sources is quickly radiated back into space, leading to low temperatures. The average temperature in space is around -270 °C (-454 °F), but this can vary depending on factors such as proximity to stars or other sources of heat and the presence of cosmic rays or other forms of radiation.